DISSERTATION

Dynamic reformulation of perceptions of inequity: Their organizational antecedents and outcomes. Ph.D dissertation, 1987, University of Southern California (Peter Monge, Advisor).

PUBLICATIONS

For more information on publications or password access please contact nosh@northwestern.edu.

Books

• Monge, P. R., & Contractor, N. (2003). Theories of Communication Networks. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Current Drafts:
  Prospectus & PrefacePreface
  Acknowledgments
  Chapter 1: Networks and Flows in Organizational Communication
  Chapter 2: Network Concepts, Measures, and Analytic Techniques
  Chapter 3: Communication and Knowledge Networks as Complex Systems
  Chapter 4: Computational Modeling of Networks 

  Chapter 5: Theories of Self-interest and Collective Action
  Chapter 6: Contagion, Semantic and Cognitive Theories
  Chapter 7: Exchange & Dependency Theories
  Chapter 8: Homophily, Proximity, and Social Support Theories
  Chapter 9: Evolutionary and Coevolutionary Theories
  Chapter 10: Multitheoretical, Multilevel Models of Communication and Other Organizational Networks

  References
  Subject Index
  Author Index

• Contractor, N. (2002). Section Editor for “New Media and Organizing” for In L. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.) Handbook of New Media: Social Shaping and Consequences of ICTs. London: Sage.
• Steinfield, C., Pentland, B. T., Ackerman, M., & Contractor, N. (Eds.) (2007). Communities and Technologies 2007: Proceedings of the Third Communities and Technologies Conference. London: Springer London.

Journal Articles

• Wang, J. Huffaker, D.A., Treem, J. W., Fullerton, L. Ahmad, M.A., Williams, D., Poole, M.S., and Contractor, N. (2011). Focused on the prize: Characteristics of experts in massive multiplayer online games. First Monday, 16(8).
• Contractor, N., Monge, P. & Leonardi, P. (2011). Multidimensional Networks and the Dynamics of Sociomateriality: Bringing Technology Inside the Network. International Journal of Communication, 5, 1-20.
• Su, C., & Contractor, N. (in press). A multidimensional network approach to studying team members’ information seeking from human and digital knowledge sources in consulting firms. Accepted for publication by the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology.
• Whitbred, R., Fonti, F., Steglich, C., & Contractor, N. (in press). From Micro-Actions to Macro-Structure and Back: A Structurational Approach to the Emergence of Organizational Networks.
• Williams, D., N. Contractor, M. S. Poole, J. Srivastava, & D. Cai. (in press) The Virtual Worlds Exploratorium: Using large-scale data and computational techniques for communication research.  Accepted for publication by Communication Methods and Measures.
• Contractor, N. (2010). Developing web science to understand and enable 21^st century multidimensional networks. Presented at the “Web Science: A New Frontier” conference. Royal Society, London.
• Falk-Krzensinski, H. J., Contractor, N., Fiore, S. M., Hall, K. L., Kane, C., Keyton, J., … Trochim, W. (2011 [in press]). Mapping a Research Agenda for the Science of Team Science. Research Evaluation.
• Börner K, Contractor N, Falk-Krzesinski HJ, Fiore SM, Hall KL, Keyton J, et al (2010). A Multi-Level Systems Perspective for the Science of Team Science. Science Translational Medicine. 2010; 2(49):cm24. PMCID: 3001399.
• Tian, Y., Srivastava, J., Huang, T., & Contractor, N. (2010). Social Multimedia Computing. Computer, Vol. 43, No. 8, 27-36.
• Su, C., Huang M., & Contractor, N. (2010). Understanding the structures, antecedents, and outcomes of organizational learning and knowledge transfer: a multi-theoretical and multilevel network analysis. European Journal of International Management.
• Yuan, C. Fulk, J., Monge, P., & Contractor, N. (2010). Expertise Directory development, shared task interdependence, and strength of communication network ties as multilevel predictors of expertise exchange in transactive memory work groups. Communication Research 37, 20-47.
• Huang, Y., Zhu, M. Wang, J. Pathak, N., Shen, C., Keegan, B., Williams, D., & Contractor, N. (2009). The formation of task-oriented groups: exploring combat activities in online games. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, 4, 122-127.
• Contractor, N. (2009). The emergence of multidimensional networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 743–747.
• Contractor, N. (2009). Understanding & enabling networks in digital government. Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Social Networks: Making Connections between Citizens, Data and Government. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 390, 364-365.
• D. Lazer, A. Pentland, L. Adamic, S. Aral, A. L. Barabasi, D. Brewer, N. Christakis, N. Contractor, J. Fowler, M. Gutman, T. Jebara, G. King, M. Macy, D. Roy, M. Van Alstyne (2009). ”Computational Social Science,” Science 323 (5915), 721-723.
• Neumeyer, X., Contractor, N., & K. Ehmann, K. (2008). Collaboration Networks in Micromanufacturing, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Micromanufacturing, Pittsburgh, PA.
• Huang, Y., Contractor, N., & Yao, Y. (2008). Recommendation based on Social Networks, Proceedings of DG.O 2009 annual conference for Digital Government, Montreal, Canada.
• Vogenbeck Varda, D., R., Forgette, R., Banks, D., & Contractor, N. (2007). Social network methodology in the study of disasters: issues and insights prompted by post-Katrina research. Population Research & Policy Review, 28(1): 11-29.
• Contractor, N., Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (2006). Testing multi-theoretical multilevel hypotheses about organizational networks: An analytic framework and empirical example. Academy of Management Review, 31, 681-703.
• Palazzolo, E. T., Serb, D., She, Y., Su, C., & Contractor, N. S. (2006). Co-evolution of communication and knowledge networks as Transactive Memory systems: Using computational models for theoretical integration and extensions.Communication Theory,16, 223-250.
• Patel, J., Gupta, I., & Contractor, N. (2006).  JetStream: Achieving predictable gossip dissemination by leveraging social networks principles. Proceedings of the 5^th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (IEEE NCA06).
• Pathak, N., Mane, S., Srivastava, J., & Contractor, N. S. (2006). Knowledge Perception Analysis in a Social Network. Proceedings of the 6^th SIAM – International Conference on Data Mining (SDM 06).
• Katz, N., Lazer, D., Arrow, H., & Contractor, N. (2004). Network theory and small groups.Small Group Research. 35, 307-332.
• Contractor, N.S., Whitbred, R., Fonti, F., Hyatt, A., Jones, P., & O’Keefe, B. (under revision 2003). Self-organizing communication networks in organizations. Validation of a computational model using exogenous and endogenous theoretical mechanisms, Organization Science.
• Contractor, N., Brandon, D., Huang, M., Palazzolo, E. T., Steinley, D., Su, C., Suri, R., Swarbrick, A., Templin, J., & Wasserman, S. Multi-Theoretical Multilevel Models of Information Retrieval in Knowledge Networks. Manuscript submitted to Academy of Management Journal.
• Contractor, N., Brandon, D., Huang, M., Palazzolo, E. T., Steinley, D., Su, C., Suri, R., Swarbrick, A., Templin, J., & Wasserman, S. (resubmitted 2003). Multi-Theoretical Multilevel Models of Information Retrieval in Knowledge Networks. Academy of Management Journal.
• Contractor, N. S., & Monge, P. R. (2002). Managing knowledge networks.Management Communication Quarterly, 16, 249-258.
• Contractor, N. S., Stohl, C., Monge, P. R., Flanagin, A., & Fulk, J. (under review 2002). Communication in the global workplace: Advanced E-Quad collaboration tools to support multi-university cooperative learning and teaching. eLearn Magazine, www.eLearnmag.org
• Fesenmaier, J., & Contractor, N.  (2001). Inquiring Knowledge Networks on the Web (IKNOW):
• The Evolution of Knowledge Networks for Rural Development.The Journal of the Community Development Society,32, 160-175.
• Pollock, T., Whitbred, R. A., & Contractor, N. (2000). Social information processing and job characteristics: A simultaneous test of two theories with implications for job satisfaction.Human Communication Research, 26(2), 292-330.
• Contractor, N. S. (1999). Self-organizing systems research in the social sciences: Reconciling the metaphors and the models.Management Communication Quarterly, 13, 154-166.
• Heald, M., Contractor, N., Koehly, L. M., & Wasserman, S. (1998). Formal and emergent predictors of coworkers’ perceptual congruence on an organization’s social structure.Human Communication Research, 24, 536-563.
• Ehrlich, M.C., & Contractor, N.S. (1998). “Shock” meets “community service”: J.C. Corcoran at KMOX. Journal of Radio Studies 5(1), 22-35.
• Grant, N., & Contractor, N.S. (under review 1997). Dynamic modeling of the social influence process. Communication Theory.
• Hyatt, A., Contractor, N., & Jones, P. M. (1997). Computational organizational network modeling: Strategies and an example.Computational and Mathematical Organizational Theory, 4, 285-300.
• Jacobs, J. L., Dorneich, M. C., Jones, P. M., O’Keefe, B. J. and Contractor, N. (1997). SPOT: Using collaborative technologies for developing collaborative technologies.Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Volume 1, 690-695, Orlando, FL.
• Jones, P. M., Chin, G., Lucenti, M., Kim, H-J., Stigberg, D., Sherman, G., Contractor, N., O’Keefe, B. J., Whitbred, R., Grobler, F., Case, M., Heckel, J., Lu, S. C-Y. and Ganeshan, R. (1997). CITYSCAPE: Civil infostructure technology system for collaborative analysis, prediction, and evaluation.Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Volume 3, 2223-2227, Orlando, FL.
• Contractor, N. S., Seibold, D. R., & Heller, M. A. (1996). Interactional influence in the structuring of media use in groups: Influence of members’ perceptions of group decision support system use.Human Communication Research, 22, 451-481.
• Jones, P. M., Contractor, N., O’Keefe, B., Lu, S., Case, M., Lawrence, P. & Grobler, F. (1995). Workflow and cooperative problem solving in civil infrastructure management.Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Volume 5, 4575-4580, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• Jones, P. M., Contractor, N., Lu, S. C-Y., & O’Keefe, B. J. (1994). Intelligent collaborative support for engineering design. Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA ’94), Volume 4, 80 – 82, Toronto, Ontario, August 1994.
• Jones, P. M., Contractor, N., O’Keefe, B. & Lu, S. C-Y. (1994). Competence models and self-organizing systems: Towards intelligent, evolvable, collaborative support.Proceedings of the IEEE 1994 International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Volume 1, 367-372, San Antonio, TX, October 1994.
• Contractor, N. S., & Seibold, D. R. (1993). Theoretical frameworks for the study of structuring processes in group decision support systems: Adaptive structuration theory and self-organizing systems theory.Human Communication Research, 19, 528-563.
• Contractor, N., & Ehrlich, M. (1993). Role of strategic ambiguity in the birth of an organization: The $50 Million Experiment.Management Communication Quarterly, 6, 251-281.
• Michaelson, A., & Contractor, N. (1992). Structural Position and Perceived Similarity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 300-310.
• Monge, P. R., Cozzens, M. D., & Contractor, N. S. (1992). Communication and motivational predictors of the dynamics of organizational innovation.Organization Science, 3, 250-274.
• Case, M., Contractor, N., Jones, P. M., Lu, S. C-Y., & O’Keefe, B. J. (1992). Team engineering analysis and modeling: Toward a normative model of team interaction.Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Chicago IL, October 1992.
• Waterman, D., Schechter, R., & Contractor, N. (1991). Overcoming barriers to the live arts: Can the media compensate?. Journal of Cultural Economics, 15, 19-40.
• Rice, R., & Contractor, N. S. (1990). Conceptualizing effects of office information systems: A methodology and application for the study of alpha, beta and gamma change.Decision Science, 21, 301-317.
• Contractor, N. S., Singhal, A., & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Metatheoretical perspectives on satellite
• television and development in India.Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 32, 2,129-148.
• Cozzens, M. D., & Contractor, N. S. (1987). The effect of conflicting information on media skepticism.Communication Research, 14, 437-451.
• Contractor, N. S., Fulk, J., Monge, P. R., & Singhal, A. (1986). Cultural assumptions that influence the implementation of communication technologies. Vikalpa, 11, 287-300.

Book Chapters

• Castells, M., Monge, P., & Contractor, N. 2011 Apr 8. Network Theory| Prologue to the Special Section: Network Multidimensionality in the Digital Age. International Journal of Communication [Online] 5:0.
• Provan, K., & Contractor, N. (2007). Understanding and managing stakeholder networks. In National Cancer Institute, Greater than the Sum: Systems Thinking in Tobacco Control. Tobacco Control Monograph No. 18. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH Pub. No. 06-6085.
• Contractor, N.S. (2007). Computers-User Interaction. Entry in Donsbach (Ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Communication. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
• Hollingshead, A. & Contractor, N. (2006). New media and small group organizing. In L.A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), The Handbook of New Media (Student Edition) (pp. 114-133). London: Sage.
• Katz, N., Lazer, D., Arrow, H., & Contractor, N. (2005). The network perspective on small groups: Theory and research. In Poole, M. S. & Hollingshead, A.B. (Eds.) Theories of Small Groups: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 277-312). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Bajcsy, R., Rubin P., Bertenthal, B. , Bimber, B., Contractor, N., Finholt, T., Franklin, K., Liberman, M., Mebane, W., Pearce, C., Scacchi, W., Teitelbaum, B., Urban M (2004). Cyberinfrastructure-mediated interaction. Report of the NSF Workshop on Cyberinfrastructure for the Social Sciences.
• Contractor, N. S., & Monge, P. R. (2003). Using multi-theoretical multilevel models to study adversarial networks. In R. Breiger, K. Carley, & P. Pattison (Eds.), Dynamic Social Network Modeling and Analysis: Workshop Summary and Papers (pp. 324-344). Washington, D.C.: National Research Council.
• Contractor, N. (2003). Peer to Peer. In S. Jones (Ed.), Encyclopedia of New Media. (pp. 367-369). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Hollingshead, A. B., & Contractor, N. S. (2002). New media and organizing at the group level. In S. Livingstone & L. Lievrouw (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (pp. 221-235). London: Sage.
• Contractor, N. (2002). New media and organizing: Introduction. In S. Livingstone & L. Lievrouw (Eds.), Handbook of New Media (pp. 201-205). London: Sage.
• Contractor, N., & Baldwin, C. (2001). Adoption of communication technologies and the evolution of communication networks in organizations. In V. Burton, D. Herr, & T. Finnegan (Eds.), Wayfarer: Charting Advances in Social Science Computing (CD). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
• Monge, P.R., & Contractor, N.S. (2001). Emergence of communication networks. In F.M. Jablin & L.L. Putnam (Eds.), New handbook of organizational communication (pp. 440-502). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Shapiro, M. A., Lang, A., Hamilton, M., & Contractor, N. S. (2001). Information Systems Division: Intra-Personal, Meaning, Attitude and Social Systems. In W. Gudykunst (Ed.), Communication Yearbook 24 (pp. 17-49). Newbury Park: Sage.
• Contractor, N., & Bishop, A. P. (2000). Reconfiguring community networks: The case of PrairieKNOW. In T. Ishida (Ed.), Digital Cities: Technologies, Experiences, and future Perspectives (pp. 151-164). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
• Contractor, N., Bishop, A. P. , & Zink, D. (1999). PrairieKNOW: A tool to assist the study, creation, and growth of community networks. In H-J. Bullinger & J. Ziegler (Eds.), Proceedings of HCI International ’99 (the 8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction), Munich, Germany, Volume 2, (pp. 447-451). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Contractor N., Zink, D., & Chan, M. (1998). IKNOW: A tool to assist and study the creation, maintenance, and dissolution of knowledge networks. In Toru Ishida (Ed.), Community Computing and Support Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1519 (pp. 201-217). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
• Monge, P.R., & Contractor, N.S. (1998). Emergent communication networks. In L. Putnam & F. Jablin (Eds.) Handbook of organizational communication (second edition). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Contractor, N. S., & Whitbred, R. (1997). Decision development in work groups: A comparison of contingency and self-organizing systems perspectives. In G. Barnett (Ed.), Organizational Communication: Emerging perspectives (pp. 83-104). New York: Ablex.
• Contractor, N., & O’Keefe, B. J. (1997). The politics of information systems: Rational designs and organizational realities. In B. Davenport Sypher (Ed.) Case Studies in Organizational Communication: Perspectives on Contemporary Work Life (pp. 203-218). New York: Guilford Publications.
• Monge, P. R., & Contractor, N. (1996). Communication networks. In A. Kuper & J. Kuper (Eds.) The Social Science Encyclopedia – Edition 2. London: Routledge.
• Monge, P. R., & Contractor, N. (1996). Communication Research (revision of original by Gerald Miller). In A. Kuper & J. Kuper (Eds.) The Social Science Encyclopedia – Edition 2. London: Routledge.
• Contractor, N., & O’Keefe, B. J. (in press 1996). Political consideration in designing organizational information systems. In B. Sypher (Ed.) Case Studies in Organizational Communication. New York: Guildford Publications.
• Contractor, N. S., & Grant, S. (1996). The emergence of shared interpretations in organizations: A self-organizing systems perspective. In J. Watt & A. VanLear (Eds.), Cycles and dynamic processes in communication processes (pp. 216-230). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Jones, P., Contractor, N., O’Keefe, B., Lu, S., Case, M., & Lawrence, P. (1995). Workflow and cooperative problem solving in civil infrastructure management. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vancouver, BC.
• Contractor, N. (1994). Self-organizing systems perspective in the study of organizational communication. In B Kovacic (Ed.) New Approaches to Organizational Communication (pp. 39-65). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
• Seibold, D., Heller, M. A., & Contractor, N. (1994). Review and critique of empirical research on Group Decision Support Systems. In B Kovacic (Ed.) Organizational Communication: New perspectives (pp. 143-168). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
• Seibold, D., & Contractor, N. (1993). Commentary on “Issues for a theory of high-speed management” by D. Cushman and E. King. In Communication Yearbook 16 (pp. 237-246). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Contractor, N. S., Singhal, A., & Rogers, E. M. (1992). Metatheoretical perspectives on satellite television and development in India. In K. S. Nair & S. A. White (Eds.), Perspectives on development communication, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Case, M., Contractor, N., Jones, P. M., Lu, S. C-Y, & O’Keefe, B. (1992). Consensus management in engineering design. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics.
• Contractor, N. S., & Eisenberg, E. M. (1990). Communication networks and new media in organizations. In J. Fulk & C. W. Steinfield (Eds.) Organizations and communication technology (pp. 145-174), Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
• Monge, P. R., & Contractor, N. S. (1988). Communication networks: Measurement techniques. In C. H. Tardy (Ed.), A handbook for the study of human communication: Methods and instruments for observing, measuring, and assessing communication processes (pp. 107-138), Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Magazine Articles

• Lazer, D., Pentland, A., Adamic, A., Aral, S., Barabasi, A.L., Brewer, D., Christakis, N. Contractor, N., Fowler, J., Gutmann, M., Hebara, T., King, G., Macy, M., Roy, D., and Van Alstyne, M. (2009). Life in the network: The coming age of computational social science. Science, 323 (5915), (pp. 721-723).
• Contractor, N. (1999). Tecnologia e “colletti aperti” Il Sole 24 Ore (Italian Financial Daily).

Book Reviews

• Contractor, N. (2001). Review of “Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks Between Order and
  Randomness” by Duncan J. Watts, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. Chance, 14, (pp. 33-36).
• Contractor, N. (1992). Review of Research and Reflexivity edited by F. Steier. Journal of Communication, 42, (pp. 196-199).
• Contractor, N. S. (1992). Review of A Self-Renewing Society: The Role of Television and Communications Technology by N. D. Batra. Journalism Quarterly, 69, (pp. 227-228).